By Eric Emerson
ISBN-10: 0511132964
ISBN-13: 9780511132964
ISBN-10: 0521794447
ISBN-13: 9780521794442
During this completely revised and up to date re-creation, Eric Emerson offers a finished assessment of the present findings in regards to the nature, epidemiology, reasons, and therapy results of difficult habit brought on by studying incapacity. the cloth discussing motivational elements and the connection among difficult habit and psychiatric ailment has been significantly multiplied. The booklet combines proof and study drawn from the fields of psychology, psychiatry, and drugs. This quantity turns into crucial examining for clinicians and all overall healthiness care execs serious about the review and therapy of demanding habit.
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Extra resources for Challenging Behaviour: Analysis and Intervention in People with Severe Intellectual Disabilities
Example text
Skinner (1966) suggested that, while the operant behaviour of nonhumans is directly shaped by reinforcement contingencies, much human behaviour is rule governed; that is, he suggested that verbal rules (instructions and self-instructions) play an important role in mediating between environmental contingencies and our behaviour. An example of the importance of verbal rules is provided by the comparison of the performance of people and nonhumans on a simple experimental task. g. g. 30 seconds). g.
38 Models and theories While trivial in itself, this example does illustrate two important points. Firstly, verbal rules (or self-instructions) formulated by people mediate between the actual contingency and performance. Secondly, such rules may lead to ineYcient (or inaccurate) performance. Indeed, one of the characteristics of rule-governed behaviour is its tendency to make people insensitive to changes in the actual contingencies operating on behaviour (Hayes, 1989). A key question, given our current interests in accounting for the behaviour of people with severe intellectual disabilities, concerns the conditions under which rule-governed behaviour is likely to emerge.
Provided below is a brief summary of the evidence regarding some of the better established correlates of challenging behaviour among people with intellectual disabilities. Gender In general, boys and men are more likely to be identiWed as showing challenging behaviour than girls and women (Di Terlizzi, Cambridge & Maras, 1999). , 1987; Rojahn, 1994); • in institutional settings (Qureshi, 1994); and • for more severe challenging behaviour (Kiernan & Kiernan, 1994). Thus, for example, 73% of the people identiWed as showing both property destruction and aggression in the Californian survey were men, compared with 53% of people who showed frequent self-injury and 49% of those who showed no challenging behaviour.
Challenging Behaviour: Analysis and Intervention in People with Severe Intellectual Disabilities by Eric Emerson
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